程序設計 1. 搖棒的啟動 為了使搖棒從靜止狀態過度到正常運行狀態,在正式顯示前加一啟動程序。其實質就是逐漸加快驅動的頻率,一直到搖棒正常擺動為止。通過下面的代碼實現 do { mm++; Delay(120+mm); put1=~put1; put2=~put2; }while(mm 調整前的顯示 4. 按鍵去抖程序 按鍵的去抖採用軟體編程實現,其方法是當檢測到按鍵的介面出現低電平后,隔一段時間再檢測,如動是低電平,則確認為有效,否則無效。具體的程序是通過函數unsigned char ChKey(bit Key)完成的。 5. 顯示同步 因沒有位置感測器,顯示同步完全靠時鐘中斷來確定。這樣就有一個問題,音圈電機的驅動信號在什麼時刻改變,顯示才能保持在中間,並能保證正反顯示能很好地重合。經實際觀察, 音圈電機的驅動信號在顯示中部, 要根據具體情況細調。由程序中的變數Ta 調試確定。 6. 完整C51 程序代碼 /* POV 搖擺顯示LED 鍾C51 程序 周正華編 2008.3.19 */ #include /*硬體埠定義*/ sbit set0=P0^1; sbit set1=P0^0; sbit set2=P0^2; sbit put1=P3^6; sbit put2=P3^7; /*時鐘用數組*/ unsigned char BUFFER[]={0,0,0,0}; unsigned char maxnum[]={59,23}; /*顯示數組*/ unsigned int v[14]; unsigned int w[8]; /*顯示中斷表*/ int code Tr[]={ 2000,2000,2000,2000,2000,2000, 2000,2000,2000,2000,2000,2000, 2000,2000,2000,2000,2000,2000, 2550,2500,2450,2400,2350,2300, 2250,2200,2150,2100,2050,2000, 1950,1900,1850,1800,1750,1700, 1650,1600,1550,1500,1450,1400, 1400,1450,1500,1550,1600,1650, 1700,1750,1800,1850,1900,1950, 2000,2050,2100,2150,2200,2250, 2300,2350,2400,2450,2500,2550, 2000,2000,2000,2000,2000,2000, 2000,2000,2000,2000,2000,2000, 2000,2000,2000,2000,2000,2000, }; /*字元字模*/ unsigned char code ASCIIDOC[] = // ASCII { 0x7C,0x8A,0x92,0xA2,0x7C,0x00, // -0-00 0x00,0x42,0xFE,0x02,0x00,0x00, // -1-01 0x46,0x8A,0x92,0x92,0x62,0x00, // -2-02 0x84,0x82,0x92,0xB2,0xCC,0x00, // -3-03 0x18,0x28,0x48,0xFE,0x08,0x00, // -4-04 0xE4,0xA2,0xA2,0xA2,0x9C,0x00, // -5-05 0x3C,0x52,0x92,0x92,0x8C,0x00, // -6-06 0x80,0x8E,0x90,0xA0,0xC0,0x00, // -7-07 0x6C,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x6C,0x00, // -8-08 0x62,0x92,0x92,0x94,0x78,0x00, // -9-09 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // - -10 0x00,0x00,0xFA,0x00,0x00,0x00, // -!-11 0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x40,0x00, // -/-12 0x00,0x6C,0x6C,0x00,0x00,0x00, // -:-13 0x3E,0x48,0x88,0x48,0x3E,0x00, // -A-14 0xFE,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x6C,0x00, // -B-15 0x7C,0x82,0x82,0x82,0x44,0x00, // -C-16 0xFE,0x82,0x82,0x82,0x7C,0x00, // -D-17 0xFE,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x82,0x00, // -E-18 0xFE,0x90,0x90,0x90,0x80,0x00, // -F-19 0x7C,0x82,0x8A,0x8A,0x4E,0x00, // -G-20 0xFE,0x10,0x10,0x10,0xFE,0x00, // -H-21 0x00,0x82,0xFE,0x82,0x00,0x00, // -I-22 0x04,0x02,0x82,0xFC,0x80,0x00, // -J-23 0xFE,0x10,0x28,0x44,0x82,0x00, // -K-24 0xFE,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x00, // -L-25 0xFE,0x40,0x30,0x40,0xFE,0x00, // -M-26 0xFE,0x20,0x10,0x08,0xFE,0x00, // -N-27 0x7C,0x82,0x82,0x82,0x7C,0x00, // -O-28 0xFE,0x90,0x90,0x90,0x60,0x00, // -P-29 0x7C,0x82,0x8A,0x84,0x7A,0x00, // -Q-30 0xFE,0x90,0x98,0x94,0x62,0x00, // -R-31 0x64,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x4C,0x00, // -S-32 0x80,0x80,0xFE,0x80,0x80,0x00, // -T-33 0xFC,0x02,0x02,0x02,0xFC,0x00, // -U-34 0xF8,0x04,0x02,0x04,0xF8,0x00, // -V-35 0xFE,0x04,0x18,0x04,0xFE,0x00, // -W-36 0xC6,0x28,0x10,0x28,0xC6,0x00, // -X-37 0xC0,0x20,0x1E,0x20,0xC0,0x00, // -Y-38 0x86,0x8A,0x92,0xA2,0xC2,0x00, // -Z-39 0x24,0x2A,0x2A,0x1C,0x02,0x00, // -a-40 0xFE,0x14,0x22,0x22,0x1C,0x00, // -b-41 0x1C,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x10,0x00, // -c-42 0x1C,0x22,0x22,0x14,0xFE,0x00, // -d-43 0x1C,0x2A,0x2A,0x2A,0x10,0x00, // -e-44 0x10,0x7E,0x90,0x90,0x40,0x00, // -f-45 0x19,0x25,0x25,0x25,0x1E,0x00, // -g-46 0xFE,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x1E,0x00, // -h-47 0x00,0x00,0x9E,0x00,0x00,0x00, // -i-48 0x00,0x01,0x11,0x9E,0x00,0x00, // -j-49 0xFE,0x08,0x14,0x22,0x02,0x00, // -k-50 0x00,0x82,0xFE,0x02,0x00,0x00, // -l-51 0x1E,0x20,0x1E,0x20,0x1E,0x00, // -m-52 0x20,0x1E,0x20,0x20,0x1E,0x00, // -n-53 0x1C,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x1C,0x00, // -o-54 0x3F,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x18,0x00, // -p-55 0x18,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x3F,0x00, // -q-56 0x20,0x1E,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x00, // -r-57 0x12,0x2A,0x2A,0x2A,0x24,0x00, // -s-58 0x20,0xFC,0x22,0x22,0x24,0x00, // -t-59 0x3C,0x02,0x02,0x3C,0x02,0x00, // -u-60 0x38,0x04,0x02,0x04,0x38,0x00, // -v-61 0x3C,0x02,0x3C,0x02,0x3C,0x00, // -w-62 0x22,0x14,0x08,0x14,0x22,0x00, // -x-63 0x39,0x05,0x05,0x09,0x3E,0x00, // -y-64 0x22,0x26,0x2A,0x32,0x22,0x00, // -z-65 }; unsigned int Ti; unsigned char ii,jj,mm, ff ,TZ ,Ms ,Ta; /*延時程序*/ void Delay(unsigned int msec) { unsigned int x,y; for(x=0; x5) {ii++; jj=0;} if(ii>13) {ii=0;ff=!ff;} Ti=-Tr[ii*6+jj]; //讀顯示中斷表 } /*主程序*/ void main(void) { //變數初始化 Ms=0; ff=0; Ta=46; //正反顯一致性調整, 取值範圍在42~50 之間, 根據實際確定 put1=0;put2=1; //中斷初始化 TMOD=0x11; TH0=-5000/256; TL0=-5000%256; TR0=1;ET0=1; TH1=-2000/256; TL1=-2000%256; TR1=1;ET1=1; //十四個字元中前三個和后三個不顯(不用) v[0]=10; v[1]=10; v[2]=10; v[11]=10; v[12]=10; v[13]=10; /*搖擺棒初始啟動*/ do { mm++; Delay(120+mm); put1=~put1; put2=~put2; }while(mm21){ //進位到秒 BUFFER[0]=0; BUFFER[1]=BUFFER[1]+1; Ms=!Ms; if (BUFFER[1]==60){ //進位到分 BUFFER[1]=0;BUFFER[2]=BUFFER[2]+1; if (BUFFER[2]==60){ BUFFER[2]=0;BUFFER[3]=BUFFER[3]+1; //進位到時 if (BUFFER[3]==24) BUFFER[3]=0; } } } //將顯示內容送顯示緩衝區 v[9]=BUFFER[1]/10; v[10]=BUFFER[1]-v[9]*10; v[6]=BUFFER[2]/10; v[7]=BUFFER[2]-v[6]*10; v[3]=BUFFER[3]/10; v[4]=BUFFER[3]-v[3]*10; //鍵盤處理 if(ChKey(set0)==1){ //模式鍵 Ms=1; //秒閃開 if(TZ0) BUFFER[TZ+1]--; else BUFFER[TZ+1]=maxnum[TZ-1];Delay(300);}; //鍵盤"-" Delay(80); } } } 調試方法 雖說是個機電一體的製作,但調試過程並不複雜。 1. 機械部分的調整主要是兩隻拉簧, 要盡量保證兩邊受力一致,讓搖棒靜態時保持在豎直狀態。 2. 軟體部分,先將void timer1(void)函數中的“Ti=-Tr[ii*6+jj];”這段程序刪除,試著讓Ti 取一常數值(大約-2000 左右)看顯示效果(搖棒擺動的幅度),一直到滿意為止,這時正反顯示可能沒有重合,接著試Ta 的取值,範圍在42 到50 之間,使正反顯示重合為止。最後一步就是調整顯示的不均勻性,將“Ti=-Tr[ii*6+jj];”這段程序恢復回來,試著改變Tr[]表中數組元素的值,並保證表中的元素的平均值為開始Ti 取得的值,讓顯示的每個字元寬度一致為止。 |