| 程序設計
1． 搖棒的啟動
為了使搖棒從靜止狀態過度到正常運行狀態，在正式顯示前加一啟動程序。其實質就是逐漸加快驅動的頻率，一直到搖棒正常擺動為止。通過下面的代碼實現
do {
mm++;
Delay(120+mm);
put1=~put1; put2=~put2;
}while(mm
調整前的顯示
4． 按鍵去抖程序
按鍵的去抖採用軟體編程實現，其方法是當檢測到按鍵的介面出現低電平后，隔一段時間再檢測，如動是低電平，則確認為有效，否則無效。具體的程序是通過函數unsigned char ChKey(bit Key)完成的。
5． 顯示同步
因沒有位置感測器，顯示同步完全靠時鐘中斷來確定。這樣就有一個問題，音圈電機的驅動信號在什麼時刻改變，顯示才能保持在中間，並能保證正反顯示能很好地重合。經實際觀察, 音圈電機的驅動信號在顯示中部, 要根據具體情況細調。由程序中的變數Ta 調試確定。
6． 完整C51 程序代碼
/*
POV 搖擺顯示LED 鍾C51 程序
周正華編
2008.3.19
*/
#include
/*硬體埠定義*/
sbit set0=P0^1;
sbit set1=P0^0;
sbit set2=P0^2;
sbit put1=P3^6;
sbit put2=P3^7;
/*時鐘用數組*/
unsigned char BUFFER[]={0,0,0,0};
unsigned char maxnum[]={59,23};
/*顯示數組*/
unsigned int v[14];
unsigned int w[8];
/*顯示中斷表*/
int code Tr[]={
2000,2000,2000,2000,2000,2000,
2000,2000,2000,2000,2000,2000,
2000,2000,2000,2000,2000,2000,
2550,2500,2450,2400,2350,2300,
2250,2200,2150,2100,2050,2000,
1950,1900,1850,1800,1750,1700,
1650,1600,1550,1500,1450,1400,
1400,1450,1500,1550,1600,1650,
1700,1750,1800,1850,1900,1950,
2000,2050,2100,2150,2200,2250,
2300,2350,2400,2450,2500,2550,
2000,2000,2000,2000,2000,2000,
2000,2000,2000,2000,2000,2000,
2000,2000,2000,2000,2000,2000,
};
/*字元字模*/
unsigned char code ASCIIDOC[] = // ASCII
{
0x7C,0x8A,0x92,0xA2,0x7C,0x00, // -0-00
0x00,0x42,0xFE,0x02,0x00,0x00, // -1-01
0x46,0x8A,0x92,0x92,0x62,0x00, // -2-02
0x84,0x82,0x92,0xB2,0xCC,0x00, // -3-03
0x18,0x28,0x48,0xFE,0x08,0x00, // -4-04
0xE4,0xA2,0xA2,0xA2,0x9C,0x00, // -5-05
0x3C,0x52,0x92,0x92,0x8C,0x00, // -6-06
0x80,0x8E,0x90,0xA0,0xC0,0x00, // -7-07
0x6C,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x6C,0x00, // -8-08
0x62,0x92,0x92,0x94,0x78,0x00, // -9-09
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // - -10
0x00,0x00,0xFA,0x00,0x00,0x00, // -!-11
0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x40,0x00, // -/-12
0x00,0x6C,0x6C,0x00,0x00,0x00, // -:-13
0x3E,0x48,0x88,0x48,0x3E,0x00, // -A-14
0xFE,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x6C,0x00, // -B-15
0x7C,0x82,0x82,0x82,0x44,0x00, // -C-16
0xFE,0x82,0x82,0x82,0x7C,0x00, // -D-17
0xFE,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x82,0x00, // -E-18
0xFE,0x90,0x90,0x90,0x80,0x00, // -F-19
0x7C,0x82,0x8A,0x8A,0x4E,0x00, // -G-20
0xFE,0x10,0x10,0x10,0xFE,0x00, // -H-21
0x00,0x82,0xFE,0x82,0x00,0x00, // -I-22
0x04,0x02,0x82,0xFC,0x80,0x00, // -J-23
0xFE,0x10,0x28,0x44,0x82,0x00, // -K-24
0xFE,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x00, // -L-25
0xFE,0x40,0x30,0x40,0xFE,0x00, // -M-26
0xFE,0x20,0x10,0x08,0xFE,0x00, // -N-27
0x7C,0x82,0x82,0x82,0x7C,0x00, // -O-28
0xFE,0x90,0x90,0x90,0x60,0x00, // -P-29
0x7C,0x82,0x8A,0x84,0x7A,0x00, // -Q-30
0xFE,0x90,0x98,0x94,0x62,0x00, // -R-31
0x64,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x4C,0x00, // -S-32
0x80,0x80,0xFE,0x80,0x80,0x00, // -T-33
0xFC,0x02,0x02,0x02,0xFC,0x00, // -U-34
0xF8,0x04,0x02,0x04,0xF8,0x00, // -V-35
0xFE,0x04,0x18,0x04,0xFE,0x00, // -W-36
0xC6,0x28,0x10,0x28,0xC6,0x00, // -X-37
0xC0,0x20,0x1E,0x20,0xC0,0x00, // -Y-38
0x86,0x8A,0x92,0xA2,0xC2,0x00, // -Z-39
0x24,0x2A,0x2A,0x1C,0x02,0x00, // -a-40
0xFE,0x14,0x22,0x22,0x1C,0x00, // -b-41
0x1C,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x10,0x00, // -c-42
0x1C,0x22,0x22,0x14,0xFE,0x00, // -d-43
0x1C,0x2A,0x2A,0x2A,0x10,0x00, // -e-44
0x10,0x7E,0x90,0x90,0x40,0x00, // -f-45
0x19,0x25,0x25,0x25,0x1E,0x00, // -g-46
0xFE,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x1E,0x00, // -h-47
0x00,0x00,0x9E,0x00,0x00,0x00, // -i-48
0x00,0x01,0x11,0x9E,0x00,0x00, // -j-49
0xFE,0x08,0x14,0x22,0x02,0x00, // -k-50
0x00,0x82,0xFE,0x02,0x00,0x00, // -l-51
0x1E,0x20,0x1E,0x20,0x1E,0x00, // -m-52
0x20,0x1E,0x20,0x20,0x1E,0x00, // -n-53
0x1C,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x1C,0x00, // -o-54
0x3F,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x18,0x00, // -p-55
0x18,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x3F,0x00, // -q-56
0x20,0x1E,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x00, // -r-57
0x12,0x2A,0x2A,0x2A,0x24,0x00, // -s-58
0x20,0xFC,0x22,0x22,0x24,0x00, // -t-59
0x3C,0x02,0x02,0x3C,0x02,0x00, // -u-60
0x38,0x04,0x02,0x04,0x38,0x00, // -v-61
0x3C,0x02,0x3C,0x02,0x3C,0x00, // -w-62
0x22,0x14,0x08,0x14,0x22,0x00, // -x-63
0x39,0x05,0x05,0x09,0x3E,0x00, // -y-64
0x22,0x26,0x2A,0x32,0x22,0x00, // -z-65
};
unsigned int Ti;
unsigned char ii,jj,mm, ff ,TZ ,Ms ,Ta;
/*延時程序*/
void Delay(unsigned int msec)
{
unsigned int x,y;
for(x=0; x5) {ii++; jj=0;}
if(ii>13) {ii=0;ff=!ff;}
Ti=-Tr[ii*6+jj]; //讀顯示中斷表
}
/*主程序*/
void main(void)
{
//變數初始化
Ms=0;
ff=0;
Ta=46; //正反顯一致性調整, 取值範圍在42~50 之間, 根據實際確定
put1=0;put2=1;
//中斷初始化
TMOD=0x11;
TH0=-5000/256; TL0=-5000%256;
TR0=1;ET0=1;
TH1=-2000/256; TL1=-2000%256;
TR1=1;ET1=1;
//十四個字元中前三個和后三個不顯(不用)
v[0]=10;
v[1]=10;
v[2]=10;
v[11]=10;
v[12]=10;
v[13]=10;
/*搖擺棒初始啟動*/
do {
mm++;
Delay(120+mm);
put1=~put1; put2=~put2;
}while(mm21){ //進位到秒
BUFFER[0]=0; BUFFER[1]=BUFFER[1]+1;
Ms=!Ms;
if (BUFFER[1]==60){ //進位到分
BUFFER[1]=0;BUFFER[2]=BUFFER[2]+1;
if (BUFFER[2]==60){
BUFFER[2]=0;BUFFER[3]=BUFFER[3]+1; //進位到時
if (BUFFER[3]==24) BUFFER[3]=0;
}
}
}
//將顯示內容送顯示緩衝區
v[9]=BUFFER[1]/10;
v[10]=BUFFER[1]-v[9]*10;
v[6]=BUFFER[2]/10;
v[7]=BUFFER[2]-v[6]*10;
v[3]=BUFFER[3]/10;
v[4]=BUFFER[3]-v[3]*10;
//鍵盤處理
if(ChKey(set0)==1){ //模式鍵
Ms=1; //秒閃開
if(TZ0) BUFFER[TZ+1]--; else
BUFFER[TZ+1]=maxnum[TZ-1];Delay(300);};
//鍵盤"-"
Delay(80);
}
}
}
調試方法
雖說是個機電一體的製作，但調試過程並不複雜。
1． 機械部分的調整主要是兩隻拉簧, 要盡量保證兩邊受力一致，讓搖棒靜態時保持在豎直狀態。
2． 軟體部分，先將void timer1(void)函數中的“Ti=-Tr[ii*6+jj];”這段程序刪除，試著讓Ti 取一常數值（大約-2000 左右）看顯示效果（搖棒擺動的幅度），一直到滿意為止，這時正反顯示可能沒有重合，接著試Ta 的取值，範圍在42 到50 之間，使正反顯示重合為止。最後一步就是調整顯示的不均勻性，將“Ti=-Tr[ii*6+jj];”這段程序恢復回來，試著改變Tr[]表中數組元素的值，並保證表中的元素的平均值為開始Ti 取得的值，讓顯示的每個字元寬度一致為止。 |
